Viewing archives for Geography

Thirty senior boys experienced the spectacular sights, sounds, shakings and smells of one of the most volcanically active regions on earth in a five-day trip to Iceland.

The Geography expedition saw the Year 11–13 pupils cross from one continent to another, savour volcanic mud pools and take an ice trek on a glacier – and all against the backdrop of 150 earthquakes detected during their stay.

There was a serious academic purpose: the group did extensive fieldwork on tectonic activity, geothermal features and glacial landscapes that will prove invaluable for case studies in their GCSE and A-level preparations.

Head of Geography Chris Butler, who led the expedition, said: “It was an unforgettable five days, during which we saw eruptions from a hydrothermal vent, stood beside the majestic part-frozen Gullfoss waterfall, and gazed in wonder at the breathtaking aurora borealis – the Northern Lights.

“For all the boys, I am sure it will not only have added to their stock of geographical knowledge and skills, but will have brought GCSE and A-level Geography to life.”

Mr Butler accompanied the party, assisted by Geography teacher Staycie Domzalski and Economics teacher Dr Celia Wallace.

After flying in to the country’s main airport, Keflavík, southwest of Reykjavík, the group headed immediately to the Grjótagjá fissure system, where widening fractures mark the boundary between the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates. Pupils were able to physically cross the Mid-Atlantic Rift – a dramatic reminder of the immense geological forces shaping Iceland, and of the risks posed by ongoing magmatic activity beneath the island.

After a night in the Hotel Cabin, they explored the capital, before moving on to the world-renowned Blue Lagoon. Here, they received a briefing about volcanic unrest at the nearby Sundhnúkur crater row, responsible for major lava flows in July 2025, and enjoying the geothermal waters and volcanic muds.

As they travelled on through Iceland’s volcanic landscapes, further highlights followed in quick succession:

• Visiting the town of Grindavík, evacuated in November 2023 after eruptions from the Fagradalsfjall fissures that saw lava flow into the streets. The boys spoke to residents who have begun to return, despite an uncertain future.
• Stopping at Seltún geothermal area, with its steaming fumaroles (vents emitting steam and volcanic gases) and bubbling mud pools.
• Travelling around Iceland’s iconic Golden Circle. They began at the Þingvellir rift valley – a UNESCO World Heritage Site, where North America and Eurasia drift apart at several centimetres per year – before continuing to Geysir, observing the Strokkur hydrothermal vent reliably erupting every 6–10 minutes, before finishing at the Gullfoss waterfall.
• Staying at Hellishólar Cottages, beneath the mighty Eyjafjallajökull volcano –infamous for its 2010 eruption that grounded over 100,000 flights – with the terrain blanketed in thick snow.
• Touring the Lava Centre in Hvolsvöllur, an interactive exhibition exploring Iceland’s volcanic systems.
• Treading the dramatic black-sand beaches of Reynisfjara.

“The climax of the trip was an ice trek on the Sólheimajökull Glacier, complete with crampons,” said Mr Butler. “Pupils spent two hours investigating supraglacial and englacial features, observing blue ice and dirt bands, meltwater channels and sediment layers.”

The glacier’s rapid retreat — up to 50 metres per year since the mid-2000s — has produced a growing proglacial lagoon now almost 1.5 km long and 60–70 m deep.

“In 2010, the lagoon was barely visible; in the coming decades it may reach 4 km in length. This provided powerful, first-hand evidence of contemporary climate change,” Mr Butler added.

A brief stop had been planned at Seljalandsfoss to get a group photograph before the boys returned to Heathrow. But the Land of Ice and Fire had one final spectacle for them: the glorious colours of the aurora borealis lit up the evening sky to bid them farewell.

Mr Butler thanked both his colleagues and the boys, “who were enthusiastic, inquisitive and intrepid throughout”.

Click on the thumbnails to view the images.

Year 12 geographers going on a field trip to investigate what shapes our coastlines received two vivid illustrations of one important factor – the weather!

Firstly, plans to take them to Flatford Mill Field Studies Centre in Suffolk for their field trip had to be abandoned because of flooding.

And when they went instead to Walton-on-the-Naze in Essex, they saw a dramatic result of this winter’s intense rainfall – a large section of the Naze cliffs had collapsed on to the beach.

School Captain Tunishq Mitra, who was one of the group, said: “Our field trip was a great opportunity to do some hands-on work and develop a better understanding of our wider Geography syllabus in an enjoyable way. It was fascinating to see the complex interactions between all the natural processes we study in real time, including the partial cliff collapse.”

The group had two questions to look into on their trip:

• How do social, economic and environmental considerations influence how coastlines are managed?
• How do coastal management techniques affect coastal processes and landforms?

Geography teacher and Deputy Head (Academic) Anne Macdonald said: “With its rapidly retreating coastline – largely due to its less resistant lithology of London clay and unconsolidated deposits – Walton-on-the-Naze provided the perfect setting to investigate those two questions.”

The cliffs at Walton-on-the-Naze suffer from chronic erosion and have been eroding at an accelerated rate of 3–5 metres per year in recent times. The large fall, which took place around 18th–20th January, saw 1.5–2 metres of the cliff face fall at once. It was partly captured on video. The collapse has been attributed to the combination of high tides and elevated rainfall this winter saturating the London clay cliffs.

Braving the elements, the sixth-formers carried out a wide range of fieldwork exercises, including cost–benefit analysis calculations, environmental impact assessments, beach profiling, sediment analysis and infiltration studies.

Mrs Macdonald said: “Fieldwork is an essential geographical skill – it is how we measure and observe the world. Fieldwork is the means by which geographers test their predictions or formulate new theories about the world.

“Field trips are directly applicable to careers relating to the environment, while they also help students develop some of the six qualities set out in our Boundless School Development Plan, especially being ‘sustainability-literate’.

“More generally, day trips like these provide valuable learning opportunities outside of the classroom, helping our students develop skills, such as teamwork and communication, that are vital for any number of occupations.

“The Year 12s approached the day trip with enthusiasm, positively engaging with all aspects of the fieldwork and earning praise for their understanding and work ethic.”

Year 13 students Ishaan Bhandari and Laksh Aggarwal enter their final few months at QE bolstered by a win in a Cambridge competition.

The pair triumphed in the Most impactful category in the Homerton College Design Programme 2025, which challenged entrants to “design a sustainable solution to any environmental or health problem that we are facing”.

Ishaan and Laksh’s entry looked at the provision of water in informal settlements such as Mumbai’s Dharavi, sometimes known as the biggest slum in Asia.

Deputy Head (Academic) Anne Macdonald said both Ishaan and Laksh are “excellent and keen geographers”, adding “Ishaan is an aspiring engineer and Laksh an economist – both brought their expertise from those areas to the design.

“Their design was judged to be ‘most impactful’ because – as excellent geographers and holistic thinkers – they considered carefully the design context.  The water solution needed to work for people living in crowded, informal settlements, where government provision of basic infrastructure including water and electricity is often lacking.

“In designing a low-tech solution that: could be used and maintained by individuals; was distributed by NGOs [non-governmental organisations]; and was low-cost and sustainable in its material and energy use, they successfully (and impressively) hit the ‘impactful’ brief.”

The pair intended their solution to be provided to individuals via NGOs, rather than to governments.

The competition rules stipulated that each entry should:

• Have a hypothetical budget of no more than £20,000
• Take up no more than 10m x 10m of space
• Follow a four-stage structure – identifying the problem; looking at possible solutions; choosing the best solution; and explaining how it could be implemented.

To assist entrants, a series of webinars led by Homerton College staff and fellows was held.

After creating a presentation and video, Ishaan and Laksh were shortlisted and invited to a celebration event along with about 100 other shortlisted entrants.

At the event, students were invited to a panel discussion of experts titled Building a Sustainable World whilst maintaining the Health and Wellbeing of global citizens, chaired by Homerton Principal Lord Simon Woolley (pictured top taking a group selfie at the event), who was the guest speaker at QE’s 2024 Valediction ceremony.

Ishaan and Laksh individually received certificates and, together, a wooden plaque.

Year 12’s Vivan Paul has been named Young Geographer of the Year in his age category in a Royal Geographical Society competition.

Vivan’s winning entry on the competition theme of Understanding islands, which was created using ArcGIS StoryMaps, won him joint first place in the 16–18 (Key Stage 5) age category.

QE’s Head of Geography, Chris Butler, said: “Vivan’s achievement is a testament to his intellectual curiosity and commitment to understanding the complexities of our world. He represents a new and exciting breed of geographer at Queen Elizabeth’s School who have embraced all that the subject has to offer – from cutting-edge digital tools to critical global thinking.

“We are immensely proud of his success and the example he sets for others.”

The annual competition celebrates outstanding geographical thinking and creativity among young people. This year, more than 400 schools participated, with many holding their own preliminary heats. More than 1,200 entries were submitted to the society.

Entrants were challenged to create posters or ArcGIS StoryMaps that highlighted the unique geographies, challenges, and connections between islands worldwide, as well as the communities and ecosystems they support.

Vivan’s winning entry focused on the islands of Nauru, Haiti, the South China Sea and the Maldives. His work examined the systemic exploitation of these islands by large transnational corporations and the resulting spiral of debt and corruption that binds them together.

The project offered an analysis of how global economic forces intersect with local vulnerabilities, presenting a nuanced view of the risks these islands face at both global and local scales.

The Royal Geographical Society, which was founded in 1830, commended Vivan’s submission for its innovative approach to illustrating island connections and its insightful exploration of the socio-economic and environmental challenges confronting these regions.

Professor Joe Smith, the society’s Director, said: “I’d like to give my warmest congratulations to all the winners and to everyone who entered this year’s Young Geographer of the Year competition. Islands, including the one we live on, are uniquely affected by climate change, but they also have unique opportunities to address these challenges. The high standard of entries we received across this year’s competition gives me confidence that the next generation of geographers is already asking the right questions about the issues facing island communities and how these can teach us about the wider world.”

Vivan attended this month’s awards ceremony at the society’s South Kensington base, where he is pictured with other winners and highly commended entrants. He was presented with his certificate by the society’s Vice President for Education, Alan Parkinson.

• Vivan’s winning entry can be viewed here.

Thirteen Sixth-Form geographers heard Oxford’s Professor Danny Dorling deliver a powerful exposition of the national and global threat posed by poverty and inequality.

His lecture, Inequality: the next crisis and children, was packed with detail and backed with richly illustrated statistics.

Delivered at the Royal Geographical Society in Kensington, London, it proved a revelation to many. Year 13’s Hitarth Patel said: “I found the extent to which inequality is prevalent within the UK astonishing,” and Shravan Jayaprakash, of Year 12, described the lecture as “an exhilarating experience which broadened my perspectives about many issues in our country today, especially the widening inequality we face”.

In promoting the lecture, for the RGS’s school members, the society stated: “The greatest concern worldwide, for the future of where we live, is not climate change and its impacts; it is not extinction and loss of biodiversity, it is not artificial intelligence or asteroids – none of these worries come close to what concerns us most.

“More than any other future issue, most people in the world worry about inequality, poverty, and the cost of living; and they worry, above all else, for their children. Are they right to be most concerned in this way and, if so, what is to be done?”

Prof Dorling is a social geographer who is the 1971 Professor of Geography, attached to St Peter’s College, Oxford, as well as a visiting professor at both Goldsmiths and the University of Bristol. He is known for his support for Labour, particularly when Jeremy Corbyn led the party.

He has spoken on radio, featured on television and written newspaper articles. He is the author of more than 20 books, including two published in 2024 – Seven Children: Inequality and the Geography of a Failing State, and Peak Injustice: Solving Britain’s Inequality Crisis – and one which came out this year, The Next Crisis: What We Think about the Future.

The QE group, drawn from both Year 12 and Year 13, were led by Deputy Head Anne Macdonald (Academic), who teaches Geography.

She said: “Growing inequality in the UK is a complex contemporary issue that cuts across the disciplines of geography and economics (and other social sciences). Danny Dorling’s academic work in this area is so compelling because it is grounded in extensive data-driven research. His work about the impacts of inequality on children from across the income spectrum encourages our students to think about their place in modern Britain and develop empathy for others who might face more barriers.”

Hamza Pasha, of Year 13, shared his fellow pupils’ reaction to the lecture. “I found Danny Dorling’s graphical presentation of inequality statistics helped me realise the magnitude of this issue and I was also surprised to learn how much more unequal the UK is in comparison with other countries.”

Younger boys explored their own family histories during a visit by a team from London’s Migration Museum, while a special session helped older pupils with their GCSE Geography studies.

Before the visit organised by the Geography department, the whole of Year 8 had been asked to interview family members about their own migration stories and journeys.

Then, as part of workshops taking place throughout the morning, the boys used hi-tech ArcGIS mapping tools on their 1:1 tablet computers, mapping all the journeys made by the people they had interviewed.

Head of Geography Chris Butler said: “Many of our pupils’ parents have direct or indirect experience of the process, and we want the boys to celebrate this diversity and include their family and friends through their interviews and experiences within their communities.”

The session for the Year 8 boys ended with a Geospatial analysis of their journeys (using ArcGIS).

There was a session for Year 11 historians in the afternoon, with the boys studying the history of migration as a unit in their GCSEs.

Migration features as a topic in the AQA examination board’s GCSE syllabus’s sections on The changing economic world and on Urban issues and challenges.

The Migration Museum was founded by Barbara Roche, a former Labour Minister of State for Asylum and Immigration.

She believed that Britain’s migration history should be placed at the heart of the national story, arguing for the establishment of the museum based on her time as Minister and on visits to similar museums in other parts of the world – notably Ellis Island in New York.

Since 2020, the Migration Museum has been based in Lewisham Shopping Centre in south London. It has received planning permission for a permanent home in the City of London, close to Aldgate and the Tower of London, which is due to open in 2027.

This will be allied to a network of venues across the UK, and to a digital storytelling platform.